Corporate Behavior in the Petrochemical Industry

Shao-Ping Wang, Miao-Sheng Chen, Mou-Jian Li

Abstract


Purpose

This case study, which investigates Taiwanese bellwether corporate groups in the petrochemical industry, explores employee observations and distinguishes these from general stakeholders’ perspectives as organizational outsiders. The exploration involves in-depth discussions of the prevailing social atmosphere as environmental awareness emerges, and the linkages between corporate social responsibility (CSR), organizational commitment (OC), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

Design

The study is based on models established by Taiwanese and international scholars addressing CSR’s effects on OC and OCB. The study conducted a staff survey at several corporate groups’ individual factories, selected using stratified sampling. Of 1,500 questionnaires distributed, 784 valid responses were collected. A five-point Likert scale was used to summarize data and conduct descriptive analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

With respect to the research hypotheses, the study finds that: (1) CSR has a significant and positive effect on OC; (2) CSR has a significant and positive effect on OCB; (3) OC has a significant and positive effect on OCB; and (4) CSR uses OC to generate an intermediary effect affecting OCB.

Practical implications

This study and its conclusions provide specific recommendations for industry and organizational insiders regarding how to fulfill CSR, improve OC, and achieve OCB.

Value

In an environment characterized by changing global socioeconomic conditions, this study provides academic and practical research recommendations for the petrochemical industry as well as recommendations for future research.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x

Alotaibi, A. G. (2001). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior: A study of public personnel in Kuwait/5 Public Personnel Management, 30(3), 363375. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600103000306

Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structure equation model in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411

Barnard, C. I. (1938). The Functions of the Executive, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee ‘citizenship’. Academy of Management Journal, 24(4), 587–595. https://doi.org/10.2307/255908

Bateman, T. S., & Strasser, S. A. (1984). A longitudinal analysis of the antecedents of organizational commitment. Academy of Management Journal, 27(1), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.2307/255959

Blowfield, M., & Frynas, J. G. (2005). Editorial Setting new agendas: critical perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility in the developing world. International affairs, 81(3), 499-513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00465.x

Brammer, S., Millington, A., & Rayton, B. (2007). The contribution of corporate social responsibility to organizational commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(10), 1701–1719. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190701570866

Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of management review, 4(4), 497-505.

Chen, G., & Yuan, R. (2007). Relationship between Direct Selling Job Pressure, Work Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Direct Selling Management Review, 1(1), 137–59.

China Times. (2017). Thousands Feel Comforted about Environmental Protection in the Sixth Naptha Cracking Plant. Retrieved April 16, 2017 from http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20170416000351-260107.

Choi, Y., & Yu, Y. (2014). The influence of perceived corporate sustainability practices on employees and organizational performance. Sustainability, 6(1), 348-364. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6010348

Collier, J., & Esteban, R. (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Commitment. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00466.x

Dan, Y., Ke, W., & Chi, X. (2016). What Benefits Can CSR Bring to Corporate Operating Strategy? Evidence from Top-Tier Global Journals. International Journal of Commerce and Strategy, 8(2), 77–86.

Dawkins, J. (2004). The Public’s Views of Corporate Responsibility 2003. Peterson, DK: MORI.

Dee, J. R., Henkin, A. B., & Singleton, C. A. (2006). Organizational Commitment of Teachers in Urban Schools: Examining the Effects of Team Structures. Urban Education 41(6), 603–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085906292512

Dillman, D. A. (2000). Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (2), New York: Wiley.

Etzioni, A. (1975). A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations. New York: Macmillan.

Fu, H., Ye, B. H., & Law, R. (2014). You do well and I do well? The behavioral consequences of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.03.004

Gartam, T., Van Dick, R., Wagner, U., Upadhyay, N., & Davis, A. J. (2005). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organization Commitment in Nepal. Asia Journal of Social Psychology, 8(3), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2005.00172.x

Graham, J. W. (1991). An Essay on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 4(4), 249–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01385031

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Jaramilo, F., Mulki, J. P., & Marshall, G. W. (2005). A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Salesperson Job Performance: 25 Years of Research. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 705–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.10.004

Jiang, X. (2009). The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Master’s Thesis, Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Graduate Institute of Technological and Vocational Education and Human Resource Development.

Judge, T. A., & Kammeyer, M. J. D. (2012). Job Attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 341–367. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100511

Kanter, R. M. (1968). Commitment and Social Organization: A Study of Commitment Mechanisms in Utopian Communities. American Sociological Review, 33, 499–517. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092438

Katz, D. (1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior’, Behavior Science, 9(2), 131–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830090206

Li, W. (2016). Economic analysis of corporate social responsibility systems. The Academic Journal for Corporate Social Responsibility, 1(1), 7–24.

Li, Y., Chen, H., & Xu, F. (2014). Sports center employee work satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover tendencies. Fujen University Physical Education Journal, 13, 236–266.

Liao, M., Wen, F., & Tang, M. (2014). Cross-level research on the impact of organizational commitment on public sector organizational citizenship behavior: Using leadership style changes as regulator variables. Sun Yat Sen Management Review, 22(3), 429–468.

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1984). Testing the side-bet theory of organizational commitment: some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.372

Mohammad, H. M. J., & Javad, Y. (2011). Effect of organizational identity and commitment on organizational citizenship behavior. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(2), 100–112.

Moss, S. A., McFarland, J., Ngu, S., & Kijowska, A. (2007). Maintaining an open mind to closed individuals: The effect of resource availability and leadership style on the association between openness to experience and organizational commitment. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(2), 259– 275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.009

Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1

Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982), Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover, Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

Munene, J. C. (1995). Not-on-seat: An investigation of some correlates of organizational citizenship behavior in Nigeria. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 44(2), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1995.tb01069.x

O'Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. A. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on pro-social behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 492–499. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.492

Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington Books, Massachusetts.

Organ, D. W., & Konovsky, M. A. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 157–64. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.157

Qiu, R. (2014). The influence of Formosa Plastic’s sixth naphtha cracking plant on the overall socioeconomic development of Yunlin County, Taiwan: Discussion on the corporate social responsibility practices of Formosa Plastics’ sixth naphtha cracking plant. Journal of Global Management and Economics, 10(1), 34–52.

Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organizational Behavior (9th ed.), Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (1995). Psychological contracts and OCB: The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civic virtue behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(3), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160309

Sayyed, M. A., Samane, A., & Ali, A. (2011). A survey of relationship between organizational commitments and organizational citizenship behavior. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(5), 360–368.

Securities and Futures Institute. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study of Outstanding Achievements, Securities and Futures Institute, Taipei.

Somech, A., & Ron, I. (2007). Promoting organizational citizenship behavior in schools: The impact of individual and organizational characteristics. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(1), 38–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X06291254

Thompson, F. L. (1989). The relationship between leadership style and organizational commitment in selected Wisconsin elementary schools. Dissertation Abstracts International, 51/514A, University of Wisconsin--Madison.

Trimble, D. E. (2006). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of missionaries. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 34(4), 349–60.

Tsai. (2001). A study on the impact of ethical climate cognition and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior: A case study of chunghwa telecom's new camp and jiali operations department. Doctoral dissertation, Pai-Chang Tsai.

Wang, Y. (2004). Observations on the organizational commitment of Chinese employees: comparative studies of state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(4), 649–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519042000192889

Wiener, Y. (1982). Commitment in organizations: A normative view. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 418–428.

Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305

Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1992). An alternative approach to method effects using latent variable models: Applications in organizational behavior research. Meeting of the Academy of Management, Las Vegas University Press, Las Vegas, NV.

Xiao, W. (2016), Introduction to Statistical Analysis and Application: SPSS Chinese Version and SmartPLS 3(PLS_SEM), Gotop, Taipei City.

Xie, Q. (2003). The impact of organizational political perception on organizational commitment, job performance, organizational citizenship behavior: A comparative analysis of membership of citizenship enterprises. Doctoral Dissertation, Ching-I Hsieh.

Yang, Y. (2004). Perception of organizational support and the effect of exchanges between leaders and subordinates on organizational citizenship behavior. Taiwan Academy of Management Journal, 4(2), 141–160.

Yoon, D., Yoon, D., Jang, J., Jang, J., Lee, J., & Lee, J. (2016). Environmental management strategy and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hotel industry: The mediating role of organizational trust and commitment. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(8), 1577-1597. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2014-0498

Zhao, Z., Yang, Z., & Kong, X. (2016). International corporate social responsibility trends and expectations for Taiwan’s future development. CSR Summit for Entrepreneur Cross-Strait Cooperation Journal, 1(1), 74–89.

Zheng, Y., Xu, W., & Qiu, X. (2015). Effect of teacher organizational trust, organizational commitment, and campus organizational atmosphere on work satisfaction. Chaoyang Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 13(2), 97–116.

Zhou, C., & Chen, Y. (2009). Effect of internal marketing in the chain food and beverage industry on employee organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of SME Development, 1(11), 141–168.

Zhou, C., & Wu, J. (2010). Effects of corporate social responsibility on employee organizational citizenship behavior. paper presented at 2010 Sustainable Product and Industry Management Seminar and Sustainable Innovation Forum. March 19, 2003, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology. Retrieved Sept. 6, 2017 from: http://www2010.yuntech.edu.tw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10116&Itemid=1055.

Zhuo, Z., Wei, X., & Guo, H. (2015). The relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior: With emotional organizational commitment as a mediator variable. Management Information Computing, 4(1), 28–41.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i1.12236

Copyright (c) 2018 David Wang, Miao-Sheng Chen, Mou-Jian Li

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

International Journal of Human Resource Studies  ISSN 2162-3058

Email: ijhrs@macrothink.org

Copyright © Macrothink Institute  

To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'macrothink.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------