The Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) of Incubators, Accelerators, and Co-working Spaces
Abstract
The concept of entrepreneurial orientation is widely accepted to be a significant theory in the literature on firm-level entrepreneurship. Despite the collectivity of research, which continues to demonstrate that entrepreneurship and EO differ in nature greatly and according to context, too often, context is ignored. To address this gap, this paper explores the differences in the EO of different types of organizational contexts that provide business support to entrepreneurs such as incubators, accelerators and co-working spaces. Analytical results highlight variations in EO by business support facilities related to their organizational context and the subdimension of EO considered. Combined these results highlight the need for discriminating amongst different dimensions when examining EO, as well as the need for some new indicators or measurements of each dimension.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aaboen, L. 2009. "Explaining Incubators Using Firm Analogy." Technovation 29 (10):657-670.
Alsos, Gry Agnete, Ulla Hytti, and Elisabet Ljunggren. 2011. "Stakeholder theory approach to technology incubators." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 17 (6):607-625.
Baird, I.S., and H. Thomas. 1985. "Toward a Contigency Model of Strategic Taking." Academy of Management Review 10 (2):230-243.
Baraldi, Enrico, and Malena Ingemansson Havenvid. 2015. "Identifying New Dimensions of Business Incubation: A Multi-Level Analysis of Karolinska Institute's Incubation System." Technovation.missing rest of citation..
Basso, Oliver, Alain Fayolle, and Veronique Bouchard. 2009. "Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Making of a Concept." Entrepreneurship and Innovation 10 (4):313-321.
Bromberg, J. (2014). Engage the 5 Senses to Inspire Workplace Productivity. April 18, 2014. http://convene.com/engage-5-senses-inspire-workplace-productivity/
Cashman, A. 2012. "Coworking incubators: An Alternative for Startups? ." Accessed 05/27/2014. http://www.deskmag.com/en/hybrid-coworking-space-incubators-an-alternative-for-startups-381
Ceylan, C., J. Dul, and S. Aytac. 2008. "Can the office environment stimulate a manager's creativity?" Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 18 (6):589-602.
Clausen, T., and T. Korneliussen. 2012. "The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Speed to the Market: The Case of Incubator Firms in Norway." Technovation 32 (2):560-567.
Covin, J.G., and D.P. Slevin. 1991. "A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior." Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice 16 (1):7-25.
Covin, Jeffrey G., and G.T. Lumpkin. 2011. "Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory and Research: Reflections on a Needed Construct." Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice 35 (5):855-872.
Covin, Jeffrey G., and Dennis P. Slevin. 1989. "Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments." Strategic Management Journal 10 (1): 75-87.
Crowley, C., R. Harre, and C. Tagg. 2002. "Qualitative research and computing: Methodological issues and practices in using QSR NVivo and NUD*IST." International Journal of Social Research Methodology 5 (3):193-197.
Dess, Gregory G., and G.T. Lumpkin. 2005. "The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Stimulating Effective Corporate Entrepreneurship." Academy of Management Perspectives 19 (1):147-156.
Dul, J., C. Ceylan, and F. Jaspers. 2011. "Knowledge workers' creativity and the role of the physical work environment." Human Resource Management 50 (6):715-734.
Eisenhardt, K.M. 1989. "Building theories from case study research." Academy of Management Review 14 (4):532-550.
Eisenhardt, K.M., and M.E. Graebner. 2007. "Theory Building From Cases: Opportunities and Challenges." Academy of Management Journal 50 (1):25-32.
European Commission. 2002. Benchmarking of Business Incubators. Belgium: European Commission Enterprise Directorate General.
Fankhauser, D. 2013. "The Pros and Cons of Startup Accelerators." Mashable Accessed 05/17/14. http://mashable.com/2013/06/11/startup-accelerator-growth/
Foertsch, C. (2015). First Results of the New Global Coworking Survey. Deskmag. November 20, 2015. http://www.deskmag.com/en/first-results-of-the-new-global-coworking-survey-2015-16
George, Bradley A., and Louis Marino. 2011. "The Epistemology of Entrepreneurial Orientation: Conceptual Formation, Modeling, and Operationalization." Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice 35 (5):989-1024.
Gertner, Drew. 2013. "Unpacking Incubation: Factors affecting incubation processes and their effects on new venture creation." PhD, Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle University.
Gust. (2015). Global Accelerator Report 2015. http://gust.com/global-accelerator-report-2015/
Harrison, J.D. (2012). Entrepreneurship advice: How to decide between coworking spaces, accelerators and incubators. The Washington Post October 22, 2012.
Hoover, K. 2012. Arizona No. 1 for startups, Kauffman study finds. Phoenix Business Journal.
Hubbard, J. (2013). The democratization of entrepreneurship: a case for coworking and collaboration. December 2013. http://www.slideshare.net/JonDanielEkh/the-democratization-of-entrepreneurship-a-case-for-coworking-and-collaboration
Hughes, Mathew, and Robert E. Morgan. 2007. "Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth." Industrial Marketing Management 36 (5):651-661.
Jefferson Group. (2015). Art in the Workplace. http://jefferson-group.com/art-workplace/
Lumpkin, G. T., and Gregory G. Dess. 1996. "Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance." The Academy of Management Review 21 (1):135-172.
Lumpkin, G.T., and G. G. Dess. 2001. "Linking Two Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Environment and Industry Life Cycle." Journal of Business Venturing 16 (5):429-451.
Lutz, A., and J. Collins. 1993. Reading National Geographic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Markley, D. M., and K. T. McNamara. 1995. "Economic and fiscal impacts of a business incubator." Economic Development Quarterly 9 (3):273-278.
McCoy, J.M., and G.W. Evans. 2002. "The potential role of the physical environment in fostering creativity." Creativity Research Journal 14 (3-4):409-426.
Miles, M. B., and A. M. Huberman. 1984. Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Miller, D. 2011. "Miller (1983) Revisted: A Reflection on Eo Research and Some Suggestions for the Future." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 35 (5):873-894.
Miller, Danny. 1983. "The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms." Management Science 29 (7):770-791.
Moriset, B. 2014. Building new places of the creative economy: The rise of coworking spaces. In 2nd Geography of Innovation International Conference. Utrecht University
Morris, Michael H., Justin W. Webb, and Rebecca J. Franklin. 2011. "Understanding the Manifestation of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Nonprofit Context." Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice 35 (5):947-971.
NBIA. 2012. "Business Incubation FAQ." Accessed 09/02/2012. http://www.nbia.org/resource_library/faq/.
Neuendorf, K. A. 2002. The Content Analysis Guidebook: Sage.
Ridoutt, B.G., R.D. Ball, and S.K. Killerby. 2002. "First impressions of organizations and the qualities connoted by wood in interior design." Forest Products Journal 52 (10):30-36.
Rose, G. 2001. Visual Methodologies. London: Sage Publications.
Scillitoe, Joanne L., and Alok K. Chakrabarti. 2010. "The Role of Incubation Interactions in Assisting New Ventures." Technovation 30 (3):155-167.
Scott, S.G., and R.A. Bruce. 1994. "Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace." Academy of Management Journal 37 (3):580-607.
Toker, U., & Gray, D. O. (2008). Innovation spaces: Workspace planning and innovation in US university research centers. Research Policy, 37(2), 309-329.
Vanderstraeten, Johanna, and Paul Matthyssens. 2012. "Service-based differentiations strategies for business incubators: Exploring external and internal alignment." Technovation 32:656-670.
Vohs, K. D., Redden, J. P., & Rahinel, R. (2013). Physical order produces healthy choices, generosity, and conventionality, whereas disorder produces creativity. Psychological science, 24(9), 1860-1867.
Vonzedtwitz, M., and R. Grimaldi. 2006. "Are Service Profiles Incubator Specific? Results from an Empirical Investigation in Italy." Journal of Technology Transfer 31 (4):459-468.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v4i2.10210
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Drew Gertner, Elizabeth Mack
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Interantional Journal of Regional Development ISSN 2373-9851 Email: ijrd@macrothink.org
Copyright © Macrothink Institute
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'macrothink.org' domains to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', please check your 'spam' or 'junk' folder.