Impact of Globalization of Education and Dynamics of Social Changes in Pakistan: Attitude Scale Construction and Analysis

Abstract

Globalization has been largely influenced and spread due to advancement of technology of communication. There has been emphasis in developing countries to seek public opinion on various aspects of globalization. The trend of globalization has opened up doors for country like Pakistan to explore opinion of its intellectuals on this particular dimension. A study was conducted on this particular issue of international importance. For this purpose, a scale was constructed on the attitude of professors of universities, educationists and the members of Chamber of Commerce and Industries of Pakistan. Initially, a likert scale of twenty five items was constructed and tried out to the respondents. After a comprehensive analysis, the scale was redefined and cut down to sixteen items for administration at larger scale at national level. This study provided an ample opportunity for item’s analysis and exploring the opinions about globalization of education and perspectives of social changes. It was found that respondents generally look in favor of globalization. The result of the t-test showed that no statistically difference exist between opinion of the university professors and educationists whereas there was a statistically significant differences noted between university professors and members of Chambers of Commerce and Industries and similarly between the opinion of educationists and the members of Chamber of Commerce and Industries. There was statistical significance noted at p<0.05 level in academic performance for the two groups F (1. 58) = 5.5351 p=.001 as result of one-way ANOVA. A two-way between-groups ANOVA was also conducted to see the impact of globalization on university professor’s subjects they teach in the category of management sciences, economics/commerce, and natural sciences and the years of experiences they possess. The interaction effect between the subject they teach and their experience was not statistically significant, F (3,94) = .563, p = .471. The main effect for the subject areas, F (3, 96) = .152, p = .736; and the experience of professors possess,

F (3, 96) = 1.241, p=.138 did not reach the statistical significance. The results of the study can be viewed in Pakistani perspectives and need to be explored further in regional context.