Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis by Mature and Immature Seeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

A suitable plant regeneration system has been established using 3-4 weeks old calli derived from immature and mature seeds of four wheat varieties viz. Pavon 76, Akbar, Barkat, and Kanchan. As plant growth regulators, various auxins (2,4-D, BAP and IAA) either single or in combination were used in MS medium. The variety Pavon 76 showed maximum (72.25%) callus induction and Akbar exhibited the lowest (37.78%) from calli derived from immature seeds. Hormonal effects on callus induction were evaluated and significant results were found in case of genotypes at P <0.01. Out of four genotypes, the highest frequency of plant regeneration was recorded in Pavon 76 (67.00%) and lowest in Kanchan (43.10%) when 1.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IAA was added in the medium. It was observed that Pavon 76 produced highest number of green plants than others. For mature seeds all of the mentioned genotypes showed significant difference with maximum frequency of callusing in Pavon 76 (69.57%) in MS + 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D followed by Kanchan (60.84%), Barkat (52.73%), and Akbar (47.19%). For plant regeneration, Pavon 76 also showed best performance (64.36%) in MS + 2.0 BAP + 1.0 mg/l IAA, using calli derived from mature seeds. The other genotypes Barkat, Kanchan and Akbar exhibited 59.44, 52.71 and 52.32% regeneration in the same medium respectively. Here, the lowest regeneration (40.63%) was found in Akbar. In this case, it was aimed to establish a suitable protocol for in vitro callus induction and regeneration for advance biotechnological research on wheat in Bangladesh.