Nyumba-ya-Mungu Water Reservoir in Tanzania: Public Awareness About Plastic Use, Management, and Health Risks

Abstract

Microplastics (MP) from mismanaged plastic waste pose growing threats to human health and ecosystems. The Nyumba-ya-Mungu Water Reservoir (NWR) in Tanzania is vulnerable to plastic pollution due to improper waste disposal and low public awareness. This study aimed to assess public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on plastic use, waste management, and associated health risks around NWR. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 401 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and environmental observations. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS and Excel for descriptive statistics and t-tests. Most respondents lacked adequate knowledge on plastic use (88%), waste management (77%), and health risks (83%). Positive attitudes toward plastic use were driven by cost-effectiveness (55%) and low awareness of their health hazards. Given the widespread improper plastic disposal practices observed in the study area, the reservoir may be vulnerable to microplastic contamination, and some public health issues in the catchment could potentially be linked to such pollution. Enhancing public education on plastic hazards together with strict enforcement of the existing plastic waste management regulations are essential to mitigate health risks and protect NWR environmental integrity.