Characterization of Babassu Mesocarp Flour as Potential Bio-Reinforcement for Poly(Lactic Acid)

Abstract

Growing environmental concern has resulted in a strong trend towards using green materials, and the efficient use of by-products reduces resource waste and environmental pollution. Using Babassu Mesocarp Flour (BMF), a by-product of the babassu oil extraction industry, as bio-reinforcement for polymers, such as Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA), is a promising alternative. Before any attempt to develop composite films, the industrially extracted BMF was characterized to know its chemical composition, particle size distribution, specific surface area, morphology, and structure, which is the main objective of this manuscript. The elemental analysis showed that the BMF is predominantly organic and also showed contents of inorganic elements by XRF. Its particles had an average diameter of 38.82 µm and a specific surface area of 3.02 m²/g. Through microscopic techniques, mainly SEM, starch granules in different shapes and sizes were observed. XRD and FTIR showed structure and functional groups typical of starchy materials, evidencing the ecological character of BMF. Progress is necessary to achieve the continuous and comprehensive use of babassu coconut by-products, mainly BMF, allowing greater appreciation. The characteristics of BMF are of great interest in PLA-based films, as they are green materials and non-toxic to the environment.