The Impact of Social Media and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adolescent Mental Health: A Literature Review

Abstract

Recent research indicates that adolescents and college students today are heavily reliant on their smartphones and other devices. While technology has made communication and accessing information easier, it also has its downsides. This reliance on technology can contribute to behavioral addictions and may lead to increased depressive symptoms and anxiety. Adolescents are vulnerable to the influences of social media. Studies show that time spent on social media, the types of sites visited, and a lack of in-person interactions with peers can all contribute to higher levels of depression and anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic has further intensified these issues. For example, a study by Son et al. (2020) found that during the pandemic, 71% of participants experienced increased stress and anxiety, 91% had concerns about their own and their loved ones' health, 89% struggled with concentration, 86% faced disrupted sleep patterns, 86% had reduced social interactions due to social distancing, and 82% felt anxious about their academic performance. This paper reviews the literature on social media use and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health. It highlights the urgent need for greater education for both parents and policymakers about managing social media use among adolescents and college students.