Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intention
Abstract
This study examines the level of job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses in Karachi. The objectives of this study is to examine the impact and relationship of satisfaction with organizational policies and strategies, satisfaction with supervision, compensation levels, task clarity, and career development on turnover intention. An instrument based on five facets of job satisfaction and turnover intention was developed based on literature reviews to find out the level of job satisfaction and turnover intention. For this purpose data were collected from 400 nurses working in different hospitals of Karachi. The findings shows that satisfaction with organizational policies and strategies, satisfaction with supervision, compensation levels, task clarity, and career development all have significant negative correlation with turnover intention and overall job satisfaction was found to have a significant negative association with turnover intention.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdullateef, A. O., Yusoff, R. Z., Muktar, S. S., & Ahmad, I. S. (2014, May). Effects of Customer Relationship Management Strategy on Call Centre's Employee Intention to Quit: Evidence from Malaysia Call Centers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.036
Alam, M. M., & Muhammad, J. F. (2010). Level of Job Satisfaction and Intent to Leave Among Malaysian Nurses. Business Intelligence Journal, 3(1), 123-137.
Ali, N. (2009). Factors Affecting Overall Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention . Journal of Managerial Sciences, II(2), 239-252.
Ali, N., & Baloch, Q. B. (2008). Impact of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention: An Empirical Evidence. Journal of Managerial Sciences, II(1), 24-41.
Alniacik, E., Alniacik, U., Erat, S., & Akcin, K. (2012). Relationships between Career Motivation, Affective Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 355 – 362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1011
Alniacik, E., Alniacik, U., Erat, S., & Akcin, K. (2013). Does Person-Organization Fit Moderate the Effects of Affective Commitment and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 274 – 281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.495
Arndt, A., Arnold, T. J., & Landry, T. D. (2006). The Effects of Polychronic-Orientation upon Retail Employee Satisfaction and Turnover. Journal of Retailing, 82(4), 319-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2006.08.005
Aydogdu, S., & Asikgil, B. (2011). An Empirical Study of the Relationship among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention. International Review of Management and Marketing, 1(3), 43-53.
Biswas, S. (2010). Relationship between Psychological Climate and Turnover Intentions and its Impact on Organisational Effectiveness: A study in Indian Organisations. IIMB Management Review, 22(3), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2010.04.013
Blaauw, D., Ditlopo, P., Maseko, F., Chirwa, M., Mwisongo, A., Bidwell, P., . . . Normand, C. (2013). Comparing the Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave of Different Categories of Health Workers in Tanzania, Malawi, and South Africa. 127-137. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.19287
Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Hair, J. F. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7 ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bonenberger, M., Aikins, M., Akweongo, P., & Wyss, K. (2014). The Effects of Health Worker Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention in Ghana: A Cross-sectional Study. Human Resources for Health, 12(43), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-12-43
Bordens, K. S., & Abbott, B. B. (2006). Research Design And Methods. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.
Carmeli, A., & Weisberg, J. (2006). Exploring Turnover Intentions among Three Professional Group of Employees. Human Resource Development Interational, 9(2), 191-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678860600616305
Carraher, S. M. (2011). Turnover Prediction using Attitudes towards Benefits, Pay, and Pay Satisfaction among Employees and Entrepreneurs in Estonia, Latvia, And Lithuania. Baltic Journal of Management, 06(1), 25 - 52. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465261111100905
Chatman, J. A. (1991). Matching People and Organizations: Selection and Socialization in Public Accounting Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(3), 459-484. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393204
Chen, T. Y., Chang, P. L., & Yeh, C. W. (2004). A Study of Career Needs, Career Development Programs, Job Satisfaction and the Turnover Intentions of R&D Personnel. International Journal of Career Management, 09(04), 424 - 437. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430410544364
Chen, Y., Friedman, R., & Simons, T. (2014, September). The Gendered Trickle-Down effect How Mid-Level Managers’ Satisfaction with Senior Managers’ Supervision affects Line Employee’s Turnover Intentions. Career Development International, 19(7), 836 - 856. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-02-2014-0031
Cole, S. M., & Bruch, H. (2006, August). Organizational Identity Strength, Identification, and Commitment and their Relationships to Turnover Intention: Does Organizational Hierarchy Matter? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(5), 585-605. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.378
Dardar, A. A., Jusoh, A., & Rasli, A. (2012). The Impact of Job Training, Job Satisfaction and Alternative Job Opportunities on Job Turnover in Libyan Oil Companies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 389 – 394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.205
Ertosun, Ö. G., & Erdilb, O. (2012). The Effects of Loneliness on Employees’ Commitment and Intention to Leave. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41, 469 – 476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.057
Galletta, M., Portoghese, I., & Battistelli, A. (2011). Intrinsic Motivation, Job Autonomy and Turnover Intention in the Italian Healthcare: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment. Journal of Management Research, 3(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v3i2.619
Gamage, P. N., & Buddhika, K. (2013, September). Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave Of IT Professionals in Sri Lanka. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing & Management Review, 2(9), 1-11.
Grzeda, M. M., & Prince, J. B. (1997). Career Motivation Measures: A Test of Convergent and Discriminant Validity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(2), 172-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585199700000047
Halepota, J. A., & Shah, N. (2010). An Empirical Investigation of Organizational Antecedents on Employee Job Satisfaction in a Developing Country. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 5(3), 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506161111155414
Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1990). Job Attitudes and Organizational Withdrawal: An Examination of Retirement and other Voluntary Withdrawal Behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(90)90007-O
Hayati, K., & Caniago, I. (2012). Islamic Work Ethic: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Job Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, (65), 272 – 277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.122
Islam, T., Ahmed, I., & Khan, S. U. (2013). Organizational Learning Culture and Leader-Member Exchange Quality-The Way to Enhance Organizational Commitment and Reduce Turnover Intentions. The Learning Organization, 20(4/5), 322 - 337. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-12-2012-0079
Issa, D. M., Ahmad, F., & Gelaidan, H. M. (2013). Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Based on Sales Person Standpoint. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 14(4), 525-531.
Joo, B.-K., & Park, S. (2010). Career Satisfaction,Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 31(6), 482-500. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731011069999
Karavardar, G. (2014). Organizational Career Growth and Turnover Intention: An Application in Audit Firms in Turkey. International Business Research, 7(9), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v7n9p67
Kothari, C. R. (2010). Quantative Techniques (3 ed.). New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Lance, C. E. (1988, July). Job Performance as a Moderator of the Satisfaction-Turnover Intention Relation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9(3), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030090307
Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionality of Leader-Member Exchange: An Empirical Assessment through Scale Development. Journal of Management, 24(1), 43-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80053-1
Loncar, P. S. (2010). Pay Satisfaction, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intent. Industrial Relations, 65, 470-490. https://doi.org/10.7202/044892ar
Long, C. S., Ajagbeb, M. A., & Kowang, T. O. (2014). Addressing the Issues on Employees’ Turnover Intention in the Perspective of HRM Practices in SME. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.653
Lotfi, M. H., & Pour, M. S. (2013, October). The Relationship between Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction among the Employees of Tehran Payame Noor University. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 2073-2079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.168
Mahdi, A. F., Zin, M. Z., Nor, M. R., Sakat, A. A., & Naim, A. S. (2012). The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(9), 1518-1526. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2012.1518.1526
Martin, A., & Roodt, G. (n.d.). Perceptions of Organisational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions in a Post-Merger South African Tertiary Institution. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 34(1), 23 - 31. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v34i1.415
Mbah, S. E., & Ikemefuna, C. O. (2012, July). Job Satisfaction and Employees’ Turnover Intentions in Total Nigeria plc. in Lagos State. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(14), 275-287.
McCulloch, M. C., & Turban, D. B. (2007, March). Using Person-Organization Fit to Select Employees for High-Turnover Jobs. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00368.x
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Monis, S. H., & Sreedhara, D. T. (2011, January). Employee Satisfaction with Career Development Practices: A Comparative Study of Indian and Foreign MNC BPO Firms. Journal of Arts Science & Commerce, II(1), 110-122.
Mosby. (2008). Mosby's Medical Dictionary (8 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.
Murrar, A., & Hamad, A. (2013). Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study on the IT Firms in Palestine. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 2(8), 67-83.
Nandal, V., & Krishnan, V. R. (2000). Charismatic Leadership and Self-Efficacy: Importance of Role Clarity. Management And Laour Studies, 25(04), 232-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X0002500401
Niehoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993, June). Justice as a Mediator of the Relationship between Methods of Monitoring and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The Academy of Management Journal, 36(3), 527-556. https://doi.org/10.2307/256591
O’Halloran, P. L. (2012). Performance Pay and Employee Turnover. Journal of Economic Studies, 39(6), 653 - 674. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443581211274601
O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J. A., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and Organizational Culture: A Profile Comparison Approach to Assessing Person-Organization Fit. The Academy of Management Journal, 34, 487-516. https://doi.org/10.2307/256404
Ozbag, G. K., & Ceyhun, G. C. (2014). Does Job Satisfaction Mediate the Relationship between Work-family Conflict and Turnover? A Study of Turkish Marine Pilots. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 643–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.485
Park, J. S., & Kim, T. H. (2009). Do Types of Organizational Culture Matter in Nurse Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention? Leadership in Health Services, 22(1), 20 - 38. https://doi.org/10.1108/17511870910928001
Purani, K., & Sahadev, S. (2008). The Moderating Role of Industrial Experience in the Job Satisfaction, Intention to Leave Relationship: An Empirical Study among Salesmen in India. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 23(7), 475-485. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620810901239
Rahman, M. M., & Iqbal, M. F. (2013, June). A Comprehensive Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Private Commercial Bank Employees’ in Bangladesh. International Journal of Science and Research, 02(6), 17-23.
Rehman, M., Mulk, S., Ahmed, S., Ahmad, N., & Kazmi, S. (2013). Pakistan Emergency Situational Analysis. Karachi: Information Management and Mine Action Program Pakistan.
Roger, B. (1995). Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Governing of Chicago. Greenville , NC, United States: Northern Illinois University Press.
Sahadev, S., & Keyoor, P. (2008). Modelling the Consequences of E‐Service Quality. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 26(6), 605-620. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500810902857
Salleh, R., Nair, M. S., & Harun, H. (2012). Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment,and Turnover Intention: A Case Study on Employees of a Retail Company in Malaysia. International Journal of Social, Management, Economics and Business Engineering, 6(12), 702-709.
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach (4 ed.). New York, NY: Hermitage Publishing Services.
Sekaran, U. (2005). Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach (4 ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Singh, D., & Wang, Y. (2011, December). Correlation Analysis. Retrieved December 2, 2014, from Slide Share: http://www.slideshare.net/divyanshu22/correlation-analysis-12140817
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Cause, and Consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 3. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231549
Srivastava, T. N., & Rego, S. (2010). Business Research Methodology. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.
Tnay, E., & Slong, H. C. (2013). The Influences of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 97, 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.223
Tuzun, I. K., & Kalemci, R. A. (2012). Organizational and Supervisory Support in Relation to Employee Turnover Intentions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(5), 518 - 534. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941211235418
Wang, S., & Yi, X. (2011). It’s Happiness that Counts: Full Mediating effect of Job Satisfaction on the Linkage from LMX to Turnover Intention in Chinese Companies. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 6(3), 338-356.
Yin-Fah, B. C., Foon, Y. S., Leong, L. C., & Osman, S. (2010, August). An Exploratory Study on Turnover Intention among Private Sector Employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(8), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n8p57
Yuan, L., Yu, Y., Li, J., & Ning, L. (2014, October). Occupational Commitment, Industrial Relations and Turnover Intention: Empirical Evidence from China. Chinese Management Studies, 08(1), 66 - 84. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-08-2011-0065
Yucel, İ. (2012). Examining the Relationships among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(20), 44-58. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n20p44
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i2.14618
Copyright (c) 2019 Aliya Alam, Muhammad Asim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
International Journal of Human Resource Studies ISSN 2162-3058
Email: ijhrs@macrothink.org
Copyright © Macrothink Institute
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'macrothink.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------