Leadership, Challenges and Strategies in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Integration: Perspectives from Principals of Malaysian Junior Science Colleges

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Malaysian secondary schools, focusing on the perspectives and strategies employed by principals in Junior Science Colleges. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with principals to capture their insights on AI adoption. The findings reveal that while principals generally hold a positive outlook on AI and recognize its transformative potential in education, significant challenges persist. These include limited practical understanding of AI, insufficient technological infrastructure, and varying levels of teacher readiness. Notably, younger teachers exhibit greater openness to AI adoption, whereas senior teachers express reluctance due to a lack of technical proficiency. Additional barriers include financial constraints, the absence of clear AI-related policies, and concerns regarding the misuse of AI by students. To address these challenges, the study proposes several recommendations: the implementation of structured professional development programs to enhance AI literacy among educators, the upgrading of digital infrastructure to support AI tools, the formulation of comprehensive AI policies, and the initiation of pilot projects to evaluate AI's impact on teaching and learning processes. The study espouses the critical role of leadership in driving AI adoption and ensuring its alignment with broader educational goals. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and educational leaders in designing strategic approaches to optimize AI integration in schools. By doing so, AI can serve as a transformative tool, enhancing teaching effectiveness and improving student learning outcomes. This research contributes to the growing discourse on AI in education, offering practical implications for cultivating innovation and equity in educational practices.