The Relationship among Perceived Organizational Support, Trust, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: A Study of Banking Sector in Pakistan
Abstract
This research inspects the impact of POS on trust, job satisfaction and turnover intention and observe the mediating effect of job satisfaction between POS, trust and turnover intention. A sample of 281 is taken from the banking sector. Convenience Sampling is used. The scales are taken from earlier research and confirmed for validity & reliability. Eight hypotheses are explored. Data is analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Results indicated that POS positively affected trust and job satisfaction, so did trust on job satisfaction. POS, trust and job satisfaction negatively affected turnover intention and the results are consistent with previous researches. Job satisfaction performed as partial mediator between POS and turnover intention; trust and turnover intention. The study is useful but also suffers from some limitations. This study was done on banking sector so it can only apply to banking sector. Other sector like education and health sector were missing. Time was limited, sample size was not too big. The findings of this study shows the importance of POS, trust and job satisfaction in affecting turnover intention in banking sector. For minimizing turnover intention mangers in this sector must consider these indicators. The research for the relation among said variables has been abundant in past, but in this area the research is still lacking so the gap is still there.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Allen, D. G., Shore, L. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (2003). The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process. Journal of management, 29(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630302900107
Aselage, J., & Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: A theoretical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24(5), 491-509. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.211
Balkan, M. O., Serin, A. E., & Soran, S. (2014). The relationship between trust, turnover intentions and emotions: An application. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 10(2).
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Bhuian, S. N., & Mengue, B. (2002). An extension and evaluation of job characteristics, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in an expatriate, guest worker, sales setting. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 22(1), 1-11.
Blau, G. J. (1987). Locus of control as a potential moderator of the turnover process. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1987.tb00238.x
Blau, P. (1964). 1964 Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
Brayfield, A. H., & Rothe, H. F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of applied psychology, 35(5), 307. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055617
Bright, L. (2008). Does public service motivation really make a difference on the job satisfaction and turnover intentions of public employees? The American Review of Public Administration, 38(2), 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074008317248
Cook, J., & Wall, T. (1980). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non‐fulfilment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1980.tb00005.x
Coomber, B., & Barriball, K. L. (2007). Impact of job satisfaction components on intent to leave and turnover for hospital-based nurses: a review of the research literature. International journal of nursing studies, 44(2), 297-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.02.004
DeConinck, J. B. (2011). The effects of ethical climate on organizational identification, supervisory trust, and turnover among salespeople. Journal of Business Research, 64(6), 617-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.06.014
Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied psychology, 87(4), 611. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611
Driscoll, J. W. (1978). Trust and participation in organizational decision making as predictors of satisfaction. Academy of Management journal, 21(1), 44-56.
Eder, P., & Eisenberger, R. (2008). Perceived Organizational Support: Reducing the Negative Influence of Coworker Withdrawal Behavior. Journal of management, 34(1), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307309259
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied psychology, 71(3), 500. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
Ferres, N., Connell, J., & Travaglione, A. (2004). Co-worker trust as a social catalyst for constructive employee attitudes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(6), 608-622. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410551516
Harhara, A. S., Singh, S. K., & Hussain, M. (2015). Correlates of employee turnover intentions in oil and gas industry in the UAE. International journal of organizational analysis, 23(3), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-11-2014-0821
Hayes, L. J., O’Brien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., Shamian, J., Buchan, J., Hughes, F., . . . Stone, P. W. (2006). Nurse turnover: a literature review. International journal of nursing studies, 43(2), 237-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.007
Hellman, C. M. (1997). Job satisfaction and intent to leave. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137(6), 677-689. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549709595491
Imran, M., Ali, G., & Islam, T. (2014). The relationship between perceived organizational support and turnover intention: mediating role of affective commitment and job satisfaction. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 8(24), 2422-2425. https://doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.8.1249
Islam, T., Khan, M. M., & Bukhari, F. H. (2016). The role of organizational learning culture and psychological empowerment in reducing turnover intention and enhancing citizenship behavior. The Learning Organization, 23(2/3), 156-169. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-10-2015-0057
Karatepe, O. M., & Karadas, G. (2012). The effect of management commitment to service quality on job embeddedness and performance outcomes. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 13(4), 614-636. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.620159
Lagace, R. R. (1991). An exploratory study of reciprocal trust between sales managers and salespersons. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 11(2), 49-58.
Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (1999). The effect of the performance appraisal system on trust for management: A field quasi-experiment. Journal of applied psychology, 84(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.1.123
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of management review, 20(3), 709-734. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9508080335
Miao, R., & Kim, H.-G. (2010). Perceived organizational support, job satisfaction and employee performance: An Chinese empirical study. Journal of Service Science and Management, 3(02), 257. https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2010.32032
Misener, T. R., Haddock, K. S., Gleaton, J. U., & Ajamieh, A. R. A. (1996). Toward an international measure of job satisfaction. Nursing research, 45(2), 87-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199603000-00006
Möllering, G., Bachmann, R., & Hee Lee, S. (2004). Introduction: Understanding organizational trust–foundations, constellations, and issues of operationalisation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(6), 556-570. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410551480
Mulki, J. P., Jaramillo, F., & Locander, W. B. (2006). Effects of ethical climate and supervisory trust on salesperson’s job attitudes and intentions to quit. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 26(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134260102
Mulki, J. P., Jaramillo, J. F., & Locander, W. B. (2008). Effect of ethical climate on turnover intention: Linking attitudinal-and stress theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(4), 559-574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9368-6
Narang, L., & Singh, L. (2012). Role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between HR practices and organizational trust. Global Business Review, 13(2), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/097215091201300204
Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric methods. In: New York: McGraw-Hill.
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 698. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
Rich, G. A. (1997). The sales manager as a role model: Effects on trust, job satisfaction, and performance of salespeople. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(4), 319-328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070397254004
Ristig, K. (2009). The impact of perceived organizational support and trustworthiness on trust. Management Research News, 32(7), 659-669. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910965251
Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Sanghi, S. (2005). Organizational behaviour 11 th Edition. In: Prentice Hall India.
Rotter, J. B. (1967). A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust 1. Journal of personality, 35(4), 651-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1967.tb01454.x
Saeed, I., Waseem, M., Sikander, S., & Rizwan, M. (2014). The relationship of turnover intention with job satisfaction, job performance, leader member exchange, emotional intelligence and organizational commitment. International Journal of Learning and Development, 4(2), 242-256. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v4i2.6100
Sekaran, U. (1992). Research Methods For Business, Canada. In: John Wiley ve Sons, Inc.
Settoon, R. P., Bennett, N., & Liden, R. C. (1996). Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader–member exchange, and employee reciprocity. Journal of applied psychology, 81(3), 219. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.219
Shukla, A., & Rai, H. (2015). Linking perceived organizational support to organizational trust and commitment: moderating role of psychological capital. Global Business Review, 16(6), 981-996. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150915597599
Simmons, C., Cochran, J. K., & Blount, W. R. (1997). The effects of job-related stress and job satisfaction on probation officers’ inclinations to quit. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 21(2), 213-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02887450
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences (Vol. 3): Sage publications.
Stinglhamber, F., Cremer, D. D., & Mercken, L. (2006). Perceived support as a mediator of the relationship between justice and trust: A multiple foci approach. Group & Organization Management, 31(4), 442-468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601106286782
Tumwesigye, G. (2010). The relationship between perceived organisational support and turnover intentions in a developing country: The mediating role of organisational commitment. African Journal of Business Management, 4(6), 942-952.
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. 1964. NY: John Wiley &sons, 45.
Wang, H., & Lu, Y. (2012). Trust governance based on active interpersonal strategy. Nankai business review international, 3(2), 128-144. https://doi.org/10.1108/20408741211244361
Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management journal, 40(1), 82-111.
Wech, B. A. (2002). Trust context: Effect on organizational citizenship behavior, supervisory fairness, and job satisfaction beyond the influence of leader-member exchange. Business & Society, 41(3), 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650302041003006
Zeffane, R., & Bani Melhem, S. J. (2017). Trust, job satisfaction, perceived organizational performance and turnover intention: A public-private sector comparison in the United Arab Emirates. Employee Relations, 39(7), 1148-1167. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-06-2017-0135
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i4.13686
Copyright (c) 2018 Ali Hasan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
International Journal of Human Resource Studies ISSN 2162-3058
Email: ijhrs@macrothink.org
Copyright © Macrothink Institute
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'macrothink.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------